W numerze:
Od redakcji (w XX-lecie istnienia pisma).
Kazimierz Banek, Krymczaki – grupa etniczna i religijna.
Jakub Bohuszewicz, Między etnografią i religioznawstwem: Åke
Hultkrantz jako antropolog religii.
Екатерина
Сергеевна Элбакян, Повседневность в мире религии, религия в мире повседневности.
Martin
Fárek, Did Rammohan Ray Understand Western Religion?
Marcin Karas, Kobieta w mariawityzmie.
Martin Klapetek, Czy nowoczesna islamska architektura jest
częścią europejskiej przestrzeni
publicznej.
Monika Kowalska, Rola kota w rytuałach magicznych i
wierzeniach ludzi różnych epok i miejsc.
Agata Świerzowska, Joga chrześcijańska . Próba opisu na
wybranych przykładach.
Marek
Żyromski, Jerzy Hatłas, The Religious Cult of Ruler in Ancient Rome as the
Element of Process of Legitimacy of Political Power in Autocratic Political
Systems.
ARTYKUŁY POLEMICZNE, RECENZJE, SPRAWOZDANIA
Anna Radziwiłł, Pelazgowie a Hellada.
Przemysław Biernat, Złote tabliczki orfickie.
Marcin Karas, Braviarium fidei . Wybór doktrynalnych
wypowiedzi Kościoła.
Anna Książek, Ends and Beginnings: X Konferencja EASR w Sztokholmie.
SUMMARIES:
Kazimierz
Banek
THE KRYMCHAKS – AN ETHNICAL
AND RELGIOUS GROUP OF PEOPLE
The Krymchaks are a small group of people living in
the Crimea from at least the 1st century AD. They had been living in Crimea later than
natives of the region (e.g., the Cimmerians and the Tauri), but before other
incoming peoples (i.e., the Khazars, the Alans, the Goths, the Ruthenians). It
appears these people began to call themselves the Krymchaks only in the 13th century,
when the Mongols appeared there. Their ethnogeny has not been fully elucidated,
however, as a distinct ethnic group they are placed into the 6th or 8th century.
Indeed, they are a mixture of different people living in the Crimea since
antiquity and united by a common language and religion. The Krymchaks consider
themselves to be followers of Judaism and, they speak the Chagatai language. Both
the Mongols and later the Russians (and the Germans during World War II) often
identified the Krymchaks with the Jews and used repressive measures against
them. Despite all these ordeals, the Krymchaks have survived to this day, and
their population is estimated at 2,500–3,500 people, of whom around 600 live in the Crimea.
Jakub
Bohuszewicz
BETWEEN ETNOGRAPHY AND RELIGOUS STUDIES:
AKE HULTKRANTZ AS ANTHROPOLOGIST OF RELIGION
The article concerns with the methodological aspect of
the works of Åke Hultkrantz (1920–2006), a distinguished Swedish comparative religion
scholar, who in his scholarly research drew on phenomenology, ethnology and
ecology of religion. In his book Native Religions
of North America Hultkrantz
while discussing the relationship between beliefritual system and the
environment, engages in polemics with the diffusionists. At the same time, this
approach is an intermediate stage of his research process, the ultimate goal of
which is a phenomenological description of religious ideas characteristic of
the shamanic systems of hunter-gatherers. The use of the latter approach is
based on the concept of ideal types used within the phenomenology of religion,
providing the basis for the cross-cultural comparisons. The combined use of the
two research strategies: ecology and phenomenology of religion, enables one to
formulate important conclusions about the universal nature of shamanism,
essentially based on the concept of duality of souls and their close
relationships with the animal world. This conclusion is also the
counter-argument to the concept developed by those researchers of shamanism,
who – like
S.M. Shirokogoroff, A. Leena- Siikala or Roberte N. Hamayon – emphasize only the Siberian nature
of the phenomenon.
Ekaterina
Sergeyevna Elbakyan
RELIGION IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND EVERYDAY LIFE IN
RELIGION
The purpose of this article is to discuss, on the one
hand, the role of religion in everyday life encompassing values, norms,
relationships of an individual from the moment of his birth to death, and on
the other hand, how peoples’ everyday life activities, including personal tragedies
and social catastrophes affect religious changes. The discussion on the
relationship between daily life and religion is carried out with reference to
Max Weber, who emphasized their interdependence. Hence, the key issues
discussed are: “routinization
of charisma, dogmatization, clericalism, secularization and sacralization.
Martin
Farek
DID RAMMOHAN RAY UNDERSTAND WESTERN RELIGION?
The religious thought and activities of Rammohan Ray
(1772–1833)
have been the points of controversy among scholars for many decades. In his
research on religion Rammohan Ray took a difficult “middle path,” attempting to reconcile Western
Christianity and domestic Hinduism. Following the analyses of S.N.
Balagangadhara and Jakob De Roover, the author of this article argues that this
Bengali reformer did not fully understand Western religious ideas. These
shortcomings, however, should not be viewed as an obstacle to intercultural understanding.
The author concludes that Rammohan Ray’s distortions of Western ideas result from religious
traditions of India, where practices do not necessarily express the beliefs of
the people.
Marcin
Karas
A WOMAN IN THE MARIAVITE CHURCH
The article discusses aspects in the doctrines of the
Mariavite Church that refer to a woman. These issues are presented in
chronological order, beginning with the inception of this religious movement,
through its development and internal divisions, up to the present day. The role
and place of a woman in the Mariavite Church is an important tenet of this
religious community founded, by Maria Franciszka Kozłowska and Jan M. Michał
Kowalski. Some basic knowledge and understanding, on the side of the reader,
about this religious group is presumed, however.
Martin
Klapetek
IS CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
A PART OF THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPACE?
The article attempts to answer whether the
construction of mosques in Europe (for example in Germany, Austria and Switzerland)
is a visible sign of emancipation of Muslim religious communities. In many
places in Europe (e.g., Switzerland) the building of Mosques creates social
tensions and generates negative reactions among the majority of non-Muslim
communities.
The architectural design of mosques is an integral
part of public space, but at the same time, these tensions illustrate how
complicated the integration process for both sides can be. The choice of forms
of buildings inspired by the cultural background of immigrants, or the current
general trends in architecture, express the level of integration of Muslim communities
into Western societies. An important part of this article is the issue of
preservation and transformation of the European Muslims’ identity as they integrate or
isolate themselves into European societies.
Monika
Kowalska
THE ROLE OF CAT IN MAGICAL RITUALS AND BELIEFS OF
PEOPLE
IN DIFFERENT EPOCHS AND PLACES
The article discusses the role and the symbolism of
cat in various religious beliefs and rituals. The key question is how peoples’ perception of a cat has been
changing depending on their time and place? The paper presents examples of
rituals, beliefs and superstitions associated with the cat from antiquity to
modern times in different times and places around the world (inter alia Cuba,
Japan, and Egypt). In addition to mythological, religious, and magical themes
the author also discusses the cats’ motif in fantasy literature, and in popular culture.
Comparison of the positive and negative aspects of this animal is the red
thread of the paper.
Anna
Radziwiłł
PELASGIANS AND THE ANCIENT GREECE
The article is a review of a long-awaited book on
Pelasgians entitled Pelazgowie –
autochtoni Hellady. Pochodzenie, język, religia by
Ignacy Ryszard Danka. The Pelasgians
were the Indo-European people of ancient Greece, speaking a Paleo-Balkan
dialect that is cognate with the Thracian language. As the original people of
the Peloponnesus, the Pelasgians have become mythical ancestors of the Greeks,
who called them “autochthons”. In terms of religion, the
Pelasgians worshiped chthonic deities, but also, sky god cults were common among
them. Several gods of the ancient Greeks were in fact of Pelasgian origin. The
reviewed book is a crowning achievement of 40 years of Danka’s research, and presents a valuable
source of information for those who are researchers of the history, language
and religion of ancient Greece. It is worth noting that the Pelasgians have
become the mythical ancestors of the Greeks, and Pelasgos was even considered
to be the progenitor of humankind.
Agata Świerzowska
CHRISTIAN YOGA: AN ATTEMPT AT DESCRIPTION
BASED ON SELECTED EXAMPLES
In the West the term Christian yoga evokes many
radical controversies. Some believe in the possibility of placing yoga (usually
perceived as a set of physical practices) within a Christian context, and would
like to see it as a helpful tool for deepening of spiritual life. Others,
however, maintain that yoga and Christian tradition are not compatible. Still,
there are people who intend to combine these two spiritual traditions by
adopting randomly selected elements from both. The paper presents and explains
the first, and so far, the most comprehensive system of Christian Yoga as
developed by a French Benedictine monk Jean-Marie Dechanet. In 1955 Dechanet
published his first book – La Voie du Silence developing the philosophy of Christian Yoga, which is, in fact, the
interpretation of yoga system in the light of Origen’s philosophy of human being. The
fundamental concepts of Dechanet’s system are: anima-corpus, animus-mens and
spiritus-cor. Establishing and maintaining harmonious relationship
between them is the fundamental aim of Christian Yoga. On the basis of Dechanet’s thought, the author of this paper
explores also some new approaches to Christian yoga.
Marek Żyromski, Jerzy Hatłas
THE RELIGIOUS CULT OF RULER IN ANCIENT ROME
AS THE ELEMENT OF PROCESS OF LEGITIMACY OF POLITICAL
POWER IN AUTOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEMS
The article deals with a question of how important for
any ruling system is the gaining of (and sometimes even losing) political
legitimacy. This problem is important not only in the case of democratic
political systems, but also in the case of autocratic or totalitarian political
systems, because in principle, such regimes do not typically come to power in a
legitimate way. In ancient Rome, for example, Octavianus Augustus gained his
highest position as a result of a long and bloody civil war, finished with the
naval victory near Actium. Moreover, he successfully initiated the new
political regime (so called the Principate or early Roman Empire), based on an
interconnection between autocratic power of the Princeps and the old Republican
facade. Indeed, the desire for peace (Pax Romana) was a dominant feeling among the
population of the vast Roman Empire, and they accepted this transition. The
altar Ara Pacis Augustae, for instance, is an expression of the people’s gratitude at the end of longterm warfare.
Also, very important were many imperial ceremonies and monuments that followed,
such as triumphal arches, columns and so on. These monuments portrayed the Emperor
as a successful military and political leader, and strengthened not only his
ruling authority but the legitimacy of power as well.
Brak komentarzy:
Prześlij komentarz